FAQ: Will my dog or cat need a biopsy during their visit?

Cytology is a quick, minimally invasive diagnostic tool that provides valuable insights into the nature of abnormalities like masses, organ changes, or fluid accumulations.

In many cases, yes—a biopsy may be recommended if the doctor identifies something abnormal during your pet’s imaging study. The most common type is an ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA), which is a safe, minimally invasive procedure that helps determine the nature of an abnormality, such as a mass or organ change.

What is a fine needle aspiration (FNA)?

An FNA uses a thin needle to collect a small sample of cells from an organ or mass identified during the ultrasound. The sample is placed on a glass slide and sent digitally to a board-certified cytopathologist for interpretation.

Will my pet need sedation?

Most pets do not require sedation. Over 90% of FNA procedures are done without it. Sedation may be used if the pet is especially anxious, wiggly, or if the location of the mass is painful—such as in the abdomen.

Why is a biopsy necessary?

While ultrasound shows structural changes, it can’t always confirm the diagnosis. A biopsy is often needed to distinguish between conditions like inflammation, infection, or cancer. This information allows your veterinarian to choose the most effective treatment plan.

Is an FNA safe?

Yes, fine needle aspiration is generally considered very safe. It is much less invasive than surgical or laparoscopic biopsy options. Serious complications are rare, and mild bleeding or temporary discomfort are the most common (and typically short-lived) side effects.

How long do results take?

Because we use digital cytology services, most biopsy results are available the same day, helping you and your veterinarian make timely decisions about your pet’s care.